Setup Docker on RPi5

Introduction

1. I assume you already have a working default RPi5 setup.
2. The end result of this procedure is a headless RPi5. It only needs a power supply and a network connection. (For servers I prefer hardwired network connections over wireless network connections.)
3. The RPi5 will function as a server. So it's best to assign a fixed IP address.
4. Since my initial password is quite simple, the procedure also contains a step to change the password. This way I can use a password manager (like KeePass) to remember the new, complex password. This can be skipped if you already use a strong password.
5. If you don't need VLANs, you can skip that step.

Install the latest updates

Open a terminal and execute the following commands in order. (The 2nd command is not required, but I always like to know what will get updated.)

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt list --upgradable
$ sudo apt full-upgrade

If you want to go full auto for updating you can also execute the following line in a terminal instead.

$ sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade -y

Install remote desktop on RPi5

Execute the following command in a terminal:

$ sudo apt install xrdp

Connect to your RPi5 using the Windows RDP client

You can easily find the Windows RDP client in the Start menu by searching for Remote Desktop Connection.

Enter the IP address of your RPi5 and click Connect. You should now be connected and see the screen of your RPi5.
Leave the session on Xorg.
Enter your credentials and log on to the RPi5.

Change password

Execute the following command in a terminal:

$ passwd

The final output looks somewhat like this:

Changing password for <user>.
Current password:
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: password updated successfully

Switch to X11 Desktop Backend

Since xrdp does not support the default Wayland display server, we'll switch to X11. We'll use raspi-config to accomplish this.

Execute the following command in a terminal:

$ sudo raspi-config

Navigate to Advanced Options - A7 Wayland.
Select X11 to enable it.
Finish and reboot.

Configure VLANs

Install the required package

Execute the following commands in a terminal:

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install vlan

Start tagged VLAN support upon boot

Execute the following commands in a terminal:

$ sudo -i
$ echo "8021q" >> /etc/modules
$ exit

Check the current network configuration of the RPi5

You can use the following commands in a terminal to check your current network configuration ad connections:

$ ip a
$ nmcli device status
$ nmcli con show
$ ip link show

Obviously, this step can be skipped if you already know your network configuration.

Create VLAN connection

The following command assumes the following information:

$ sudo nmcli con add type vlan con-name 'VLAN-3' ifname eth0.3 dev eth0 id 3 ipv4.addresses 192.168.3.2/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.3.1 ipv4.method manual autoconnect yes

Activate VLAN connection

Execute the following command in a terminal:

$ sudo nmcli con up VLAN-3

Prepare for Docker setup

Add Docker's official GPG key

Execute the following commands in a terminal:

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
$ sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc

Add the repo to Apt resources

Execute the following commands in a terminal:

$ sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.sources <<EOF
Types: deb
URIs: https://download.docker.com/linux/debian
Suites: $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME")
Components: stable
Signed-By: /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
EOF
$ sudo apt update

Install Docker

Execute the following command in a terminal:

$ sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

Add user to docker group

Verify if your user is already a member of the docker group. (This normally isn't the case yet.)
Execute the following command in a terminal:

$ groups

Execute the following command in a terminal to add your user to the docker group:

$ sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

Reboot

Execute the following command in a terminal:

$ sudo reboot

Test Docker

Execute the following commands in a terminal:

$ docker ps
$ docker run hello-world

Install Portainer

Execute the following commands in a terminal:

$ docker pull portainer/portainer-ce:2.45.0
$ docker run -d -p 192.168.3.2:8000:8000 -p 192.168.3.2:9443:9443 --name=portainer_2.45.0 --restart=always -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock -v portainer_data:/data portainer/portainer-ce:2.45.0

Access Portainer

Open a browser on your Windows PC and go to https://192.168.3.2:9443